The CARES Act: IRS Amends Elections Under the Business Interest Limitation Rules

The recently enacted CARES Act contains many tax provisions geared to increase deductions available to businesses, in order to generate much-needed cash flow during the coronavirus crisis. Some of the new beneficial tax rules include:

1. Allowing bonus depreciation or a 15-year recovery period for Qualified Improvement Property (QIP), retroactive to 2018;
2. Permitting a five-year carryback of net operating losses created in 2018, 2019 and 2020 tax years;
3. Suspending the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) section 461(l) limitation, for taxpayers other than C corporations, on the use excess net business losses against investment income until 2021;
4. Providing for C corporations to obtain a refund of alternative minimum tax credits in the 2018 and 2019 tax year, instead of 2018 through 2021; and
5. Expanding the limitation on net business interest expense under IRC section 163(j) from 30% of Adjusted Taxable Income to 50% for 2019 and 2020.

This Tax Flash will focus on the recent changes related to the Business Interest Limitation under IRC section 163(j).

Background

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act amended IRC section 163(j) so that the deduction for business interest expense is limited to the sum of the taxpayer’s:

1. Business interest income;
2. 30% of Adjusted Taxable Income; and
3. Floor plan financing interest.

As noted above, the CARES Act increases the annual limitation on business interest expense from 30% to 50% for years 2019 and 2020.

Certain small businesses with average gross receipts for the three prior years of less than $25 million (inflation adjusted), with some exceptions, are exempt from the section 163(j) business interest expense limitation rules. Additionally, a taxpayer that meets the definition of a Real Estate Trade or Business (RETB) or a Farming Business (FB) can make an election under IRC section 163(j)(7) so as to become exempt from the business interest limitation rules (the “section 163(j)(7) election”). However, there is a cost to this election. Certain assets which are used in the business are required to be depreciated under the Alternate Depreciation System (ADS), which generally has longer lives than under normal MACRS depreciation. Additionally, where the ADS method is required on assets, bonus depreciation is not allowed.

For an Electing Real Estate Trade or Business, 39-year MACRS life for commercial property and qualified improvement property would be 40-years under ADS; and new 27-year MACRS life for residential property would be 30 years. Given the small difference in depreciation periods, many qualifying real estate businesses made the election so as to avoid the impact of the business interest limitation rules. Once the election is made, it is irrevocable.

New Rules

The Service recognizes that the CARES Act changes could cause a reconsideration of prior elections.

• The increase in the limitation percentage to 50% might reduce significantly the current non- deductible nature of the business interest expense limitation rule.
• More significantly, the retroactive change in the law to permit qualified improvement property to be subject to immediate write-off under bonus depreciation could be a game-changer for real estate businesses.

The IRS has issued Revenue Procedure 2020-22 to effectively permit a “do-over” with respect to the section 163(j)(7) election. Under the procedure, an amended return can be filed by taxpayers in order to make an election if:

1. They did not make a section 163(j)(7) election for a prior year; or
2. They withdrew the election for a prior year under this procedure and want to make it for a later year.

Partnerships may use a Form 1065X or an Administrative Adjustment Request (AAR), as applicable. Generally, this must be filed on or before October 15, 2021.

Those who made an election in a prior year can now amend their returns for that year so as to repeal the election. (The format and contents of the statements are described in the procedure).

The allowance of amended returns and the revocation of prior elections allow affected taxpayers the opportunity to review their circumstances in light of the new law to determine whether they are better off changing their prior decisions with respect to these elections.

If you need assistance reviewing your options in light of the changes in the law, do not hesitate to contact your Marcum professional or contact Michael D’Addio at 203.781.9665 or email Michael.

Coronavirus Resource Center

Have more questions about the impact of the coronavirus on your business? Visit Marcum’s Coronavirus Resource Center for up-to-date information.